Spain's Ministry of Foreign Affairs explains the application timing and processing framework for Schengen visas. The guidance covers tourism, business, family visits, medical treatment and other short stays.
Applicants may generally submit a Schengen visa application up to six months before the planned journey and no later than 15 days before travel. The normal decision period is 15 days, although it can be extended to 45 days when further examination is required.
A Schengen visa does not by itself guarantee entry. Travelers must still meet border requirements and carry evidence supporting the purpose and conditions of their stay.